Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can develop rapidly and requires immediate medical attention. It's crucial to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and to act quickly.
What Happens During Anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis occurs when the body's immune system overreacts to an allergen (such as food, insect stings, or medication), releasing chemicals that cause a cascade of symptoms.
Symptoms of Anaphylaxis:
Symptoms of anaphylaxis can appear suddenly and worsen quickly. They may include:
- Respiratory Problems: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, stridor (a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing), coughing, tightness in the chest or throat, swelling of the tongue or throat.
- Cardiovascular Problems: Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, collapse.
- Skin Reactions: Hives (itchy, raised patches of skin), itching, redness, swelling (especially of the face, lips, or eyes).
- Digestive Problems: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps.
- Other Symptoms: Anxiety, confusion, feeling of impending doom.
What to Do If You Suspect Anaphylaxis:
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Use an Epinephrine Auto-Injector (if available): If you or someone you are with experiences symptoms of anaphylaxis and has an epinephrine auto-injector (such as an EpiPen), use it immediately. Inject the epinephrine into the outer thigh, even through clothing if necessary.
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Call Emergency Services: Immediately call your local emergency number (999 in the UK, 911 in the US) or ask someone else to do so. Tell the operator that someone is having an anaphylactic reaction.
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Lay the Person Down: If possible, lay the person down flat with their legs slightly elevated. Do not make them walk or move unnecessarily.
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Administer a Second Dose (if necessary): If symptoms do not improve within 5-10 minutes, a second dose of epinephrine can be given if another auto-injector is available.
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Seek Immediate Medical Attention: Even after using an epinephrine auto-injector, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention. A second wave of symptoms can sometimes occur, and further treatment may be necessary.